Морфометрические и биомеханические свойства роговицы у пациентов с патологической и неосложненной миопией высокой степени

Abstract

Relevance. Pathological myopia leads to development of myopic maculopathy, which results in impaired visual functions. Formation of retinal pathological changes in the posterior pole of the eye in myopia is based on axial elongation of the eye and the formation of myopic staphyloma. Research methods aimed to clinical assessment of the strength properties of the corneoscleral capsule of the eye are interest to predict the risk of developing myopic staphylomas. Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of corneal stromal thickness and its biomechanics properties in pathological and uncomplicated high myopia. Material and methods. 42 patients (67 eyes) with high myopia (axial length of the eye (AL) – 26 mm or more) were examined and divided into 2 groups: the main group – 25 patients (40 eyes) with pathological myopia and presence of myopic staphyloma; the comparison group – 17 patients (27 eyes) with uncomplicated myopia and no staphyloma. Results. Statistically significantly lower values were found: max stromal corneal thickness, central stromal corneal thickness (2 mm), in segments S5, ST5, T5, IT5, I5, IN5, N5, SN5, S6, T6, IT6, I6, IN6, N6, HC radius (p=0.016), as well as an increase in indexes A2-Velocity (p=0.011) and DA (p<0.001) in the group of patients with pathological myopia. A direct correlation was established between the DA parameters and AL of the eye (p=0.008). Conclusion. Stromal corneal thickness in patients with pathological myopia in most segments was significantly lower than in patients with uncomplicated high myopia. The presence of significant differences in pathological myopia in indexes: A2-Velocity, DA, HC radius indicates a greater deformability and softness in cornea, and the lengthening of the DA parameter and its direct correlation with the values of the AL indicates to increased risk of axial elongation of the eye. Key words: pathological myopia, myopic maculopathy, corneal biomechanical properties, stromal corneal thickness