자율주행 환경에서 비운전과제 유형과 도로 혼잡도에 따른 청년 및 고령운전자의 제어권 인수와 운전수행 차이

Abstract

The take-over time (TOT) and driving performances of young and old drivers according to the types of non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) and road complexity were compared by using 3-level automated driving simulation. NDRTs were divided into four types according to the stimulus modality and response modality: visual stimulus-verbal response(V-V), visual stimulus-manual response(V-M), visual/auditory stimulus-manual response(AV-M), and auditory stimulus-verbal response(A-V). Control condition where NDRT was not performed was also included. The participant group was divided into a young driver group and an elderly driver group, and the road condition was divided into a no-traffic condition and a heavy traffic condition based on the surrounding traffic volume. The main results of this study are as follows. First, TOT was the slowest in the visual stimulus-manual response condition, but the fastest in the auditory stimulus-verbal response condition. In particular, this tendency was more prominent in the elderly driver group than in the younger driver group and in the heavy traffic condition than in the no-traffic condition. Second, the main effect of the NDRT type was not significant in the driving performance measurements including steering wheel manipualtion variability and brake input after taking over control, but greater steering wheel manipulation variability and brake input were observed in the elderly driver group compared to the young driver group and in the heavy traffic condition compared to the no-traffic condition. These results suggest that the driver's age, NDRT type, and road conditions can have an integrated effect on TOT and driving performance after taking over control in autonomous driving situations.