УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО КЛУБНЕЙ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПРИЕМОВ АГРОТЕХНИКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЧЕЛЯБИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

The study investigated the effect of balanced mineral fertiliser rates, planting density and single irrigation on the yield and quality of tubers of locally bred potato cultivars. The study was conducted in the forest-steppe zone of Chelyabinsk region. It was established that in the arid conditions of 2021–2022 potato yields depended on mineral nutrition (40 % factor contribution), planting density (32 % factor contribution), irrigation (21 % factor contribution) and genotype (5 % factor contribution). The planned yield of tubers (40 t/ha) was obtained against single irrigation (300 m3 /ha) combined with a thick planting pattern (75 × 14 cm) and an appropriate fertiliser rate (N132P143K158): cultivar Kavaler (49.7 t/ha), cultivar Amulet (41.0 t/ha), cultivar Zakhar (40.5 t/ha), cultivar Kashtak (38.7 t/ha) (cultivar Kavaler had 41.0 t/ha in the planting pattern of 75 × 19 cm). The yield of 60 t/ha was obtained only in cultivar Kavaler (63.4 t/ha) and cultivar Amulet (58.4 t/ha) against fertilisation (N260P260K285) combined with a planting pattern of 75 × 14 cm and single irrigation of plants in the second ten-day interval of July. The tuber quality remained high in all variants of the experiment since the thick planting pattern increased dry matter and starch in tubers; the single irrigation in the second ten-day interval of July (300 m3 /ha) and the balanced rates of mineral fertilisers per a yield of 40 t/ha (N132P143K158) did not have a negative impact on the tuber quality. A slight decrease in dry matter (by 0.7–1.1 %) and starch (by 0.7–0.9 %) compared with the control (without fertilisers) was found in tubers of cultivars Amulet, Zakhar and Kavaler with fertilisers applied per 60 t/ha (N260P260K285). The quality of tubers did not change in cultivar Kashtak against the increased mineral nutrition.