Оптимізація фізичної активності жінок під час вагітності для попередження надмірного гестаційного збільшення маси тіла

Abstract

The objective: to study the effect of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy on the level of gestational weight gain (GWG) in women with different prepregnancy weight. Materials and methods. 219 pregnant women were enrolled. Anthropometry and calculation of body mass index (BMI) were carried out. GWG was evaluated by the difference between the weight before delivery and prepregnancy. The control group consisted of 117 women who were under routine antenatal supervision. The main group – 102 pregnant women, who were enrolled to the program of PA. The level of intensity of PA was estimated on the «International Physical Activity Questionnaire». The results were statistically analyzed using using Microsoft Excel-based statistical analysis package and Statistica 6.0 program pack (StatSoft Inc.,USA). Results. It was proved that only moderate (r = – 0.68; p<0.001) and intensive (r = – 0.68; p<0.001) levels of PA have an inverse correlation with GWG, while low (r = 0.64; p<0.001) and sedentary (r = 0.79; p<0.001) activities contribute to weight gain. In the main group the moderate level of PA (82,2±9,8 MET-h/week) has increase in compared with the control group (54,5±10,0 MET-h/week) (p<0.05). A level of GWG (1.3±1.3) kg was lower in the main group 11.1±1.2 kg versus 14.5±1.2 kg in the control (p<0.05). In the main group, the number of pregnant women with the recommended GWG (64.7±4.7%) exceeded 2.9 times (p<0.001) with excessive and 4.7 times (p<0.001) with insufficient weight gain. Implementation of the PA program significantly reduced the risk of excessive GWG at normal weight (OR 0.42; 95% Cl: 0.20–0.86; p<0.05), overweight (OR 0.06; 95% Cl: 0.01–0.16; p<0.05) and obese women (OR 0.11; 95% Cl: 0.02–0.68; p<0.05). The proposed PA did not significantly decrease the risk of insufficient GWG in women with low prepregnancy BMI. Conclusions. It has been proven that moderate PA increases the chances recommended GWG (4.48; 95% Cl: 2.53–7.91; p<0.001), while low PA is insufficient to prevent excessive weight gain (OR 2.01; 95% Cl: 1.07–3.92; p<0.05). Due to small percentage of pregnant women with an intensive level of PA in the present study, no statistically significant effect of this level on GWG was found (p=0.85). Key words: pregnancy, gestational weight gain, physical activity.