Abstract
The purpose of the study was to substantiate the use of PCR for blood and milk analysis of cows in a farm with poor bovine enzootic leukemia. When comparing the effectiveness of serological and molecular genetic methods of laboratory diagnostics, it was found that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is more sensitive to the detection of bovine leukemia virus infected by the method in comparison with the immune diffusion reaction (RID). A total of 271 blood samples and 271 milk samples from cows were examined. In the RID with blood serum samples obtained from 271 heads of cattle, positive results (the presence of antibodies against the leukemia virus) were detected in 43 samples, which also showed the presence of proviral DNA in PCR. The results of REED and PCR studies of blood serum were identical in 38.1% of cases. Parallel studies of PCR diagnostics additionally revealed 70 heads of cattle infected with the virus. As a result of the study of blood samples in PCR using the Leukosis test systems, the presence of proviral DNA of the virus was detected in 113 of the 271 samples studied. The DNA of the pathogen was found in both whole blood and serum, as well as in a blood clot resuspended with buffered saline solution and in whole milk from sick animals. For the study of milk in REED, lactoserum was previously obtained according to the original (developed by university staff) methodology. Of the 271 milk samples studied, 40 cows were found to be lactoseropositive. Studies in RID of whey confirmed the results obtained in RID with blood serum in 93% of cows. The results of REED and PCR studies of blood serum demonstrate a sensitivity of PCR significantly exceeding the sensitivity of REED, however, when analyzing the results of studies, the age and physiological parameters of the tested animals should be taken into account, since the level of antibodies and the amount of proviral DNA in their lifetime can vary significantly.
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