ВЛИЯНИЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ ДЕЛИМОСТИ КОКОНОВ ШЕЛКОПРЯДА ПО КАЛИБРУ И МАССЕ ПРИ ИХ ОТБОРЕ НА ПЛЕМЯ

Abstract

All industrial sericulture is based on the feeding of industrial hybrids. The grain (silkworm eggs) for them is prepared at the breeding enterprises. In the production of high-quality hybrid grain, it is very important to select the most homogeneous fraction from the mixture of breeding cocoons and divide this part by sex with high accuracy, so that the females of one breed are crossed with the males of another and vice versa. It is known that the cocoons of the average fraction (caliber and mass) in the breeding party are the most productive. The purpose of this work was to identify the most informative criteria for selecting the qualitative fraction of breeding cocoons; study the main patterns of variation of cocoons by diameter, quantitative ratios divided into fractions by the caliber of cocoons, and the separability of a mixture of cocoons into components by caliber and weight; based on the revealed regularities, develop some new devices designed for sorting cocoons by caliber and dividing them by mass (sex) in the process of preparing hybrid silkworm grain. By the method of mathematical statistics, the regularities of division of the mixture of breeding cocoons by caliber and weight are revealed. The normalized proportion of the average cocoons fraction of 58–70 % and its range of caliber – 2 mm was determined. The possibility of maximum separation of defective components with small and large fractions from the batch in two stages when sorting cocoons by caliber and mass on the developed devices was revealed. According to the results of production feedings, more cocoon yield was obtained (on average, by 10 kg per box (29 g) of grain). Moreover, there were more uniform and varietal cocoons (22 % and 13 % more than in the control variant, respectively). According to the results of unwinding, the total and continuously unwinding length of the cocoon thread in the experimental cocoons is, respectively, 20 and 27 % higher than in the control ones.