중화인민공화국 초기 도시 基層 관리 구조와 그 특징 - 上海市 里弄 統治 體制의 형성을 중심으로

Abstract

This article examines the structure of urban basic-level governance structure in the early People’s Republic of China (PRC). After the takeover of Shanghai, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) established a basic-level governance system. Only two governmental bodies were set up on the neighborhood-level, police station and street office, which led and supervised non-governmental mass organizations.<BR> Among non-governmental organizations, residents’ committee was responsible for the administration of neighborhood. Also two mass organizations, Fulian, women’s federation, and Gonghui, trade union, were deeply involved in the neighborhood-level governance. The women’s federation, played a major role in matters relating to women, such as housework and marriage, leading local female organizations. The trade union supervised committees of worker’s family which was other type of residential committee organized in region inhabited largely by workers.<BR> In conclusion, neighborhood-level governance was not conducted by party-state apparatus. Most of local works were assigned to non-governmental organizations, while the party-state just guided and monitored them. The neighborhood governance structure established in 1950s Shanghai was a kind of semi-public system, in which vertical as well as horizontal relations co-existed between different organizations.