Влияние заповедного режима на развитие горного рельефа Центральной Азии (на примере заповедника Аксу-Джабаглы)

Abstract

The oldest nature reserve in the mountains of Central Asia Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve was created more than 90 years ago. During this period, the conservation regime had a significant impact not only on biota, but also on exogenous processes in the reserve. In order to assess this influence, the staff of the Institute of Geography RAS conducted special geomorphological studies. A typological zoning of the reserve’s mountain relief was carried out in all high-altitude tiers: highlands, middle mountains and lowlands. A transitional zone characterizing large tectonic benches has been identified. For each type of relief, characteristic changes in the course of geomorphological processes associated with the cessation of anthropogenic pressure, mainly in the form of grazing and the establishment of a specially protected area, are determined. It was established that the general tendency to stabilize the slopes prevails, more noticeable in the mountains’ lower tier and practically absent in the high mountains. The reverse trend to processes intensify is noted in two geomorphological settings: in the Alpine highlands and in the foci of landslide development in the transition zone from the highlands to the middle mountains.