Теоретико-методологічні основи міграційного капіталу та оцінка його значення для економічних процесів в Україні

Abstract

The aim of the article is to investigate the effect of the migration capital on the economy of Ukraine. The amount and structure of the flow of international capital in Ukraine have been analyzed. It has been revealed that remittances of migrants in recent years have become more stable compared to other sources of foreign income, such as foreign direct investment or official development assistance. Remittances formed a separate component of international capital - migration capital. It has been determined that the migration capital represents a powerful resource for cash flow not only for families who stayed at home, but that can be used for social and economic development of regions. Migration transfers can have a positive impact on the macroeconomic stability of the migrant country of origin. In particular, it affects the currency market, but its magnitude tends to change rapidly. Along with the positive value of transfers, their negative impact can be traced, mainly through the launch of inflation mechanisms in the country. Funds coming from migrants from abroad increase the purchasing power of the population, which can lead to higher prices. It has been revealed that a significant proportion of private remittances is used for consumption, indicating that investment potential of migration capital is unused. Efficient use of migration capital involves preventing its sedimentation in the families of migrant workers and transformation in reproductive resource of the regional economy. The article also examines the research of international organizations that carried out income calculations and sociological surveys of both migrants and their households, which revealed that only households with long-term migrant workers are eligible for savings. Today, we have a question concerning the accuracy of accounting transfers of migrant workers, the volume of migrant workers who are abroad, their period of stay, and the directions of use of funds by their households. Informal employment and the use of informal transfer channels remain major obstacles to a qualitative assessment of the current state of external migration processes in the country.