Теоретические и практические подходы к организации психопрофилактической работы с детским населением первых лет жизни

Abstract

The growing prevalence of diagnosed mental health conditions in children is currently reported. Morbidity structure has changed over the last two decades as autism spectrum disorders including debilitating ones have come to the fore. Epidemiological study outcomes demonstrate an increased risk of mental disorders as compared with good mental health. Psychogenic factors are of crucial importance for the development of certain mental health conditions in children. Among them, the development of mother-child dyad is particularly important. This article reviews fundamental articles by domestic authors and describes in detail the development of optimal psychological component of gestational dominance that prepares a woman for maternity being one of the top priorities of early psychoprophylaxis. Toddlers who are at higher risk for mental disorders are categorized into groups depending on contributing factors, i.e., children with residual cerebral abnormalities due to the organic lesion of the central nervous system, children with manifestations of schizotypic diathesis or other genetic disorders, and deprived children. Major principles of the organization of primary, secondary, and corrective psychopreventive care in children are addressed. Specialized services for early psychopreventive care to support mental health and to reduce the prevalence of mental disorders and the severity of deprivation disorders in children are required. The paper also highlights the need for reopening of psychological medical social centers and harmonizing preschool and school education through the disaggregation of groups and classes. Finally, the authors declare that inclusive education is unreasonable.Keywords: mental disorders, early childhood, risk group, deprivation, schizotypic diathesis, psychoprophylaxis.For citation: Kozlovskaya G.V., Kremneva L.F., Kalinina M.A., Ivanov M.V. Theoretical and practical approaches to the organization of psychopreventive care in early childhood. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(2):126–131. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-2-126-131.