Образ зразкового опікуна дворянина у практиках дворянських опік (на матеріалах Державного архіву Житомирської області)

Abstract

The article presents the image of an exemplary guardian and nobleman in the practices of noble guardianships of the Russian Empire (on the basis of normative acts and archival materials of the State Archives of Zhytomyr region). Separately were investigated: the issues of natural guardianships, the appointment of women as guardians and corporate solidarity in the performance of the duty of guardians. The analysis of the historiographical database revealed that this topic has an insufficient level of research in Ukrainian and foreign historiography. At the same time, regulatory acts and archival sources create the necessary basis for noble guardianships proper study. It was established that the requirements for guardians are directly related to the ethos of noble state. The main thing between them are: proper education, moderation, rationality and loyalty to the authorities. As for the pragmatic side, the nobles obliged: the absence of cruelty in the treatment of peasants, life according to income level, the lack of a tendency to waste and obedience in the implementation of the prescriptions of state authorities. In the course of the study, it was possible to distinguish two characteristic features of the noble guardianships. The first is the view of the minor as a future full-fledged representative of the nobility, and his upbringing in accordance with this. The second is the manifestation of a controlling function, both over the nobility ethos and its financial situation. The latter was directly related to ensuring the strategic stability of the monarchy.