ЗБІЛЬШЕННЯ ЗЕРНОВИРОБНИЦТВА В ЗОНІ СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ ЗА РАХУНОК ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ЯЧМЕНЮ ТА ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ЙОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ

Abstract

The most optimal sowing period was determined in one of the experiments with winter barley for the conditions of the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine, such as the 2nd decade of October. At the same time, during sowing in the 1st decade of October, the average grain yield over the years of cultivation, for varieties and preparations from pre – sowing seed treatment increased by 13.7 %, for sowing in the 2nd decade it increased by 11.9 %, and in the 3rd decade of October it increased by 4.1 %, which was due to the duration of the autumn vegetation. More significantly, the grain yield of four varieties of winter barley increased from extra-foliar fertilizing of plants with growth-regulating substances during the main periods of vegetation. So, if in the control when plants were processed with water, the grain yield on average for three years of cultivation, depending on the variety, was formed in the range from 3.92 to 4.49 t/ha, then when they were processed, depending on the biological product and the vegetation phase, it increased from 4.50 up to 5.63 t/ha. It was established that a substantial level of yield increased after fertilizing twice during spring tillering and early stooling primarily from the use of Isotope and Organic-balance compared to Melanoriz and Microfriend. The studied winter barley varieties, such as Snigova Koroleva, Devyatiy Val, Valkyrie and Oscar were determined to be more productive in terms of stability of crop formation during all years of cultivation. There was a similar reaction on nutrition optimization through the application of growth-regulating substances on plants of spring barley. Their use for double nutrition resulted in an increase in the grain yield in the range of 26.7 up to 27.1 % compared to the control and 10.1 up to 10.5 % with a background of a moderate dose of mineral fertilizer N30P30. With an average supply of soil with nutrients and optimizing the nutrition of spring barley plants by using only modern growth-regulating preparations, depended on the number of nutritions the grain yield reached the maximum values for holding them three times during the growing season. At the same time, the quality of grain was also improved. Organic D-2M (1 l/ha), Escort-bio (500 g/ha) and Fresh florid (300 g/ha) were identified as more effective preparations for spring barley. Advantages of the selected for research varieties of spring barley were not determined. All of them were almost identical in all years of cultivation.