Инжиниринговая цифровая модель пространства сельскохозяйственных земель для подготовки и сопровождения агроэкологической составляющей точного земледелия

Abstract

An automated computational engineering model is being developed to support the agro-ecological component of the agricultural production process. The authors solve the tasks of creating a computational model of spatially differentiated assessment, monitoring and management of heterogeneous productivity of land. The structure of model data, following the logic of the natural process of formation of soil fertility, as operational units is based on the hierarchy of structural units of landscapes from the regional level to the elementary range of the agro-landscape—geotope. The structure of the attributive data of the operating units of the model is determined by the spatial differentiation of the calculated values of abiotic factors responsible for the formation of the soil cover. Elementary soil ranges—geotopes—are visualized in the information-mathematical 3D geometric model of the relief surface and are automatically classified by position in the landscape catena and by natural ecological, including calculated microclimatic, characteristics. Geotopes, homogeneous in terms of material and energy flow redistribution, provide agro-ecological grouping of lands at the local field level. Within the boundaries of geotopes, representative points of study of the natural spatial differentiation of the structure and parameters of the vertical profile of soils and agrochemical survey data are automatically distinguished. An information-mathematical field model is created to identify, by using computational methods, the natural boundaries of heterogeneities, which determine the spatial differentiation of the agrochemical state of soils and the microclimate—the habitat of crops. Mathematical model makes it possible to calculate spatial differentiation of quantitative characteristics of soils and biologically active substances in representative points of geotopes based on agrochemical survey data. The revealed patterns of redistribution of biologically active substances within the field are necessary for differentiated planning and implementation of the corresponding agrotechnical techniques of precision agriculture.