РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКОГО РИНИТА И БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМЫ СРЕДИ ГОРОДСКИХ ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ОДНОМОМЕНТНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Abstract

The aim of the trial was to study the prevalence and clinical and allergic characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) in urban preschool children. Materials and methods of research: a one-minute study was carried out on an urban sample of 3–6 year olds (n=3205), consisting of 2 stages – screening and clinical. The study of the prevalence of AR and BA symptoms at the screening stage was carried out by questioning parents using the ISAAC questionnaire. At the clinical stage, the diagnosis of AR and BA was verified based on the diagnostic criteria of the ARIA (2008 revision) and GINA (updated 2017) documents. At the clinical stage, skin prick testing with extracts of inhalation and food allergens from Allergopharma Joachim Ganzer KG (Germany) was carried out. Results: the prevalence of AR and BA among urban children 3–6 years of age was 10,6 and 5,7%, respectively. 80 (52,0%) children with AR and 42 (32,8%) children with BA have not previously been diagnosed in practical healthcare institutions. 107 (69,5%) children with AR and 76 (59,4%) children with BA had a mild severity of the disease, 4 (2,6%) children with AR and 2 (1,6%) children with BA had major severity. 80 (62,5%) of children with BA are diagnosed with a controlled course of the disease and 48 (37,5%) have a partially controlled/uncontrolled course of the disease. Most often, in children with AR and BA, sensitization to the D. pteronyssinus mite was recorded – 95 (61,%) and 68 (53,1%), birch pollen – 63 (40,9%) and 42 (32,8%) and cat allergens – 30 (19,5%) and 20 (15,6%), respectively. Conclusion: the prevalence of AR and BA among preschool children was 10,6 and 5,7%, respectively. More than half of children with AR and 1/3 of children with BA do not have a diagnosis established in practical health care institutions. Most often, in 3–6 years old children with AR and BA, sensitization to the D. pteronyssinus mite, birch pollen and cat allergens is recorded.