Численное моделирование участка реки в трехмерной постановке задачи для корректировки параметров проектируемых русловых карьеров

Abstract

Extraction of alluvial sand and gravel materials is a large industry. It has been widely developed in many regions of Russia, which has an increasing impact on the riverbed processes in the form of changes in the morphological structure of riverbeds and floodplains under the influence of changing flow hydraulics. Changes in the hydrological regime and morphology of the riverbed can bring negative effects and progress over time, as well as at a considerable distance from the mining sites, as can be seen from the examples, which indicates the need for their comprehensive study. Leading higher educational institutions and research organizations in the field of hydrology, water transport and fisheries study the problems of the impact of anthropogenic changes in river beds. Summarizing the experience, it is recommended to predict the impact of a potential quarry on the hydrological conditions and morphology of the whole river section by numerical modeling of the channels in 3-D problem formulation. Different technological schemes of open pit mining are considered and modeled, the most acceptable (sparing) option minimizing the negative impact on the environment is selected and justified. In order to control the results obtained by numerical simulation, studies were also carried out using the methods recommended by the regulatory literature. Analysis of the results revealed their great convergence. The final results of the research were compared with the allowable parameters in the regulatory documents, recommendations were made on improving the quarry mining technology for minimizing its negative impact on the channel processes and the resulting transport logistics.