ПОСТАТЬ УКРАЇНЦЯ В ПОЛЬСЬКИХ ТВОРАХ І ПОЛЯКА В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРІ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХІХ СТОЛІТТЯ

Abstract

The article examines the image of the figure of a Ukrainian in Polish literature and the figure of a Pole in Ukrainian literature of the second half of the 19th century. The ethno-image of the Ukrainian and Ukraine, which was fixed in the Polish mentality for quite a long time, is studied, the formation of the national identity of Poles is traced on the example of literary works and literary-critical works. Typological parallels in the works of contemporary poets and writers are traced. Various themes of works in both literatures of the era of romanticism and positivism are analyzed. Changes and mutual influences of both cultures are outlined. Mutual stereotypes and historical background are highlighted. The post-romantic period is, without a doubt, the most difficult to discuss, since it not only encompasses, as already noted, various literary periods and movements, including the dominant one already at the end of the 19th century. in both literatures, the positivist direction, remaining the common denominator of the cultural structure that exists in the context of the entire history of Polish-Ukrainian national-cultural relations. The statement of S. Ulyash, based on the dichotomy of Self (Polish) and Other (Cossack-Ukrainian), was considered, thanks to which the process of awareness of national differences and identification of Self (Polish) in relation to Other (Ukrainian) was consolidated. However, already in the second half of the 19th century, there was a change in the vision of Ukraine. The post-romantic period not only covers different literary eras and movements, in particular the positivist period, but also unites the relationship between the two literatures. The experience gained by positivists was developed and increased in the era of Polish and Ukrainian modernism. It is stated that image of Ukraine at the end of the 19th century. in Polish literature, features of individualization, a vitalistic concept of connection with nature and a tendency to poeticize the Ukrainian folklore tradition, history to a lesser extent. The political and historical factors of that time certainly left an im- print on the apperceptive background regarding the reception of the Ukrainian in Polish literature as the Other in later times.