Средообразующая роль многолетних трав и эффективность использования микробиологических препаратов в качестве деструкторов их дернины

Abstract

The most affordable and environmentally friendly way to improve the condition of soils is the biologization of agriculture by increasing the share of perennial grasses in crop rotations. Among legumes, black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) is considered one of the best crops for use as a green fertilizer, which, thanks to the accumulation of biological nitrogen, ensures the preservation and increase of humus content in the soil. During the long-term cultivation of perennial bluegrass grasses, sod is formed in one place in the upper layer of the soil. The sod of red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) is characterized by the highest degree of adhesion compared to other types of grasses and has one of the highest rates of tearing force. During mechanized cutting of the field, after plowing the grass stands of red fescue, a large number of sod lumps remain on the surface, which prevents high-quality soil preparation and sowing operations of subsequent crops in the crop rotation. The average volume of sod lumps after pre-sowing preparation of the soil in the spring for the next year is 1194 cm3. The duration of complete decomposition of red fescue sod in sod-podzolic soils reaches four years. One of the ways to accelerate the decomposition and increase the coefficient of humification of sod, which has become widespread in recent years in agricultural practice, is post-harvest inoculation of stubble with microbiological preparations-destructors. The introduction of preparations-destructors ensures the introduction of active strains of microorganisms into the turf. As a result of the use of the drug Biocomplex-BTU, the biological activity of the microflora for the decomposition of organic matter increases by 3.3-5.1 times. The next year after using the destructor, the remains of the red fescue sod when cutting the soil are structured to small lumps and do not interfere with the operation of the sowing units.