Эпидемиология: вчера, сегодня, завтра (краткий экскурс в историю эпидемиологии и обзор наиболее актуальных проблем)

Abstract

Epidemiology studies prevalence and determinants of diseases in order to control and prevent health problems. History, aims and tasks of epidemiology are still unclear for researchers and clinicians, although modern evidencebased medicine is based on results of epidemiological observational and interventional studies. Paper gives an overview of epidemiology development and paradigm changes since first attempts by John Graunt until modern conception of prevention paradox suggested by Geoffrey Rose. There is a phenomenon of “epidemiological transition” which is associated with the predominance of non-communicable diseases, in particular, of cardioand cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, metabolic disorders, oncological diseases, traumas and stress-related problems, as the main reasons of morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is further progress in epidemiology — population genetics, environmental epidemiology and aging, pharmacoepidemiology and translational epidemiology are becoming more and more popular. Among modern problems of epidemiology, the storing and analysis of Big Data, as well as the necessity of the improvement in data storage and privacy are among the main issues under discussion.