Определение эффективности психологических технологий тренинга в преду-преждении и преодолении психологического стресса у пилотов

Abstract

Background. The article discusses a study of the effectiveness of psychological training “Stress Management” for pilots. The training is aimed at preventing (reducing) the negative conse-quences of professional stress as well as at preparing them for actions in high-risk conditions. The fundamental feature of this approach, in comparison with traditional psychological inter-ventions and group psychotherapy, is its targeting specific people in specific organizations. It is a combination of educational, training, psychocorrectional, rehabilitation programs with ele-ments of organizational consulting and development (Mendelevich, 2003). A common feature is being aimed at optimizing and modifying individual personality traits, developing communica-tion potential, and providing psychocorrection of deep-seated personal qualities. Objective. The article focuses on increasing competence and improving the professionally im-portant qualities of pilots. Psychological training for self-regulation (autogenic training) in combination with means of psychophysiological or psychological influence is used in order to optimize the effectiveness of professional activity. Method. To achieve the set goals and to test the hypothesis, the following complementary re-search methods were used: observation, conversation, the method of expert assessments, meth-ods of traumatic stress psychodiagnostics by I.O. Koteneva “Traumatic Event Impact Rating Scale — IES-R; DSM-4; General health — GNQ-28; PTSD; Methodology for self-assessment of situational and personal anxiety (Ch. Spielberger — Yu.L. Khanin). Results. The effectiveness of psychological training for pilots’ stress management is deter-mined by the results and the choice of methods for measuring them in two groups of variables characterizing the socio-psychological impact: a) subjectively experienced changes in the inner world, and b) objectively recorded parameters characterizing changes in various modalities of a person’s inner world combined with the sustainability of changes after “Stress Management” psychological training. Conclusions. Pilots underwent psychological training “Stress Management” used as the main relaxation method in order to overcome post-traumatic stress disorder. The use of “Stress Man-agement” training to restore the mental health of pilots in extreme flight conditions during sim-ulator training under the influence of traumatic factors has shown its effectiveness.