Фитосанитарное состояние посевов ячменя озимого в Краснодарском крае и Республике Адыгея в предуборочный период

Abstract

Phytosanitary monitoring is the most important element of integrated plant protection. It is used to identify the state of crops, the spread of diseases, the degree of their damage, and also to plan the protective measures. The aim of the research was to assess the development of the most dangerous diseases on winter barley crops in the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea (alternate spelling: Adygeya) in the pre-harvest period in 2017–2019 (late May-beginning of June, late milk-early dough stage of development (Z 70-75)). The analysis of the three-year dynamics of pathogens development on winter barley was carried out. The obtained data were compared with the agro-climatic conditions of the growing seasons. Phytosanitary and agroecological observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods and techniques. In the agricultural season 2016–2017, the weather in autumn was warm; winter was mild and snowless; spring was early with an unstable temperature regime and significant lack of precipitation. Warm and dry autumn, snowless winter with long thaws, spring with temperature changes were observed during the growing season of 2017–2018. Autumn in the 2018–2019 vegetative season was cool. Winter was mild and snowless. Sharp changes in air temperature were observed in spring. There was a shortage of precipitation, however, heavy precipitation was noted later. Spot blotch of barley (Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs.), barley net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler.), powdery mildew of barley (Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer) and leaf rust of barley (Puccinia hordei G. H. Otth.) were detected in the pathogenic complex of the crop. Different types of leaf spots of barley dominated among the detected plant diseases. Intensive development of spot blotch was observed on winter barley crops in Kurganinsky (47.9 %), Dinsky (30.0 %), Novokubansky (28.3 %) and Vyselkovsky (26.3 %) districts, as well as in the Maykop district of the Republic of Adygea (28.3 %). Significant development of barley net blotch was recorded in Kushchevsky (33.5 %), Dinsky (30.8 %) and Novokubansky (29.2 %) districts. The level of powdery mildew development was low (up to 1 %) in all regions. Just a few cases of leaf rust of barley during three years of research were noted. The results of phytosanitary monitoring are presented in the form of electronic maps of the spread of winter barley diseases in the regions of the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea.