ЧИСЛЕННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ АЭРОЗОЛЬНОГО СОСТАВА АТМОСФЕРЫ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МАКРО- И МИКРОСТРУКТУРНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК КОНВЕКТИВНЫХ ОБЛАКОВ

Abstract

Currently, the physics of clouds and active impacts on them is gradually moving from thestage of studying "elementary" cloud processes to the stage of studying clouds as a whole, takinginto account their systemic properties. One of the directions of research at this stage is the study ofthe role of the system properties of clouds in the formation of their macro- and microstructuralcharacteristics. These properties are the main factors influencing the formation of the cloud structure.The article presents some results of research on the role of one of these properties of clouds,namely the interaction of clouds with their surrounding atmosphere (the property of the hierarchyof systems). The mechanism caused by the aerosol composition of the atmosphere is considered asa method of their interaction. The research methodology is based on the assumption that the intensityof crystal formation in clouds is influenced by the content of aerosol particles of sufficientconcentration in the atmosphere with ice-forming properties (sublimation nuclei). A threedimensional unsteady model of convective clouds was used for calculations. The intensity of crystalformation in the cloud was changed by varying the value of the parameter in the expression forthe crystal source in the model equations for the cloud environment. The paper also discusses thecurrent state of the problem of active impacts on convective clouds in order to control precipitationprocesses. In order to carry out successful active exposure, it is necessary to determine thelocal area in the cloud in which conditions are favorable for exposure and the concentration ofreagent particles that should be provided in this area at any given time. Model calculationsshowed that a slight increase in the content of aerosol particles in the atmosphere led to an increasein the values of maximum ice content and total water content, as well as ice content, whilesimultaneously reducing the maximum water content in the cloud. At the same time, its macrostructuralcharacteristics have practically not changed. Further solving the problems requires thedevelopment of effective methodologies for modeling active exposure to convective clouds.