Город в болезни и здравии: научение через физические или душевные страдания в древнегреческих трагедиях

Victoria Pichugina

doi:10.25205/1995-4328-2022-16-1-139-151

Abstract

The spread of healing cults and practices of the 5th century. BC. inspired tragedians to search for new forms of depicting heroes suffering from physical or mental illnesses. The understanding of illness in tragedies contrasted with their rational understanding, affirmed the divine origin of painful suffering and the possibility of learning through them. In Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, heroes suffering from diseases are often in the role of students, and those around them are in the role of mentors, helping to cope with the disease or just observing its course. The article discusses different strategies for teaching heroes through mental or physical illness, presented in the tragedies "Orestes", "Ajax" and "Philoctetus". The pedagogical dimension of the formula "resentment - illness - death / threat of death" is considered as explaining the peculiarities of the dramatic representation of the city as a space of (un)health.

Highlights

ƠƞƽƽDŽᄕ ᄙ ᄬᇳᇻᇺᇷᄭ ƨƢ ƶơǀ ƩƵ ƞƩƵხ ƨƢ ƞƲƩƵƧ ƞƵơ ƵƴƞƲƩƵƧ ƶƣ ƻƨƢ ƶƹƳơᄙ ǃƤƺƽƢᄙ ƣƨƞƶᄕ ᄙ ᄬᇳᇻᇺᇳᄭ ƹƞƧƢơǀ ƞƵơ ƩƽƩƳƩǁƞƻƩƶƵხ Ƶ ƵƻƢƹƷƹƢƻƞƻƩƶƵ ƶƣ ƶƷƨƶƠƳƢƺᄙ ƞƸƟƽƫƢƨƣᄕ ƞƾƾᄙ ƫƹƨƣƽᄕ ᄙᄙ ᄬᇴᇲᇳᇺᄭ ᅸƩƣ ƺơƴƣƽDŽ ƺƤ ƞƢƹƣƾƾᄘ ƞǀƨƩƿƣƽ ƞƿ ƞƹƢ ǂƫƿƩ ƹƾƞƹƫƿDŽ ƫƹ ƿƿƫơ ƽƞƨƣƢDŽ ƞƹƢ ƶƢ ƺƸƣƢDŽᄕᅺ ƳƳƩƵƶƩƺ ƳƞƺƺƩƠƞƳ ƻƼơƩƢƺ ᇶᇵᄕ ᇴᇻᇺᅬᇵᇴᇷᄙ ƸƫƿƩᄕ ᄙ ᄙ ᄬᇳᇻᇸᇷᄭ ᅸ ƫƾƣƞƾƣ ƫƹ ǀƽƫƻƫƢƣƾᅘƽƣƾƿƣƾᄕᅺ ƢƹƴƢƺ ᇻᇷᄕ ᇴᇻᇳᅬᇵᇲᇹᄙ ƞƶƞƴƞƾᄕ ᄙ ᄬᇴᇲᇲᇴᄭ ᅸƩƣ ƾƣ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ƺƢDŽ ƟDŽ ơƿƺƽƾ ƫƹ ƽƞƨƣƢDŽ ƞƹƢ ƞƿDŽƽᅟƶƞDŽᄕᅺ ƫƹ ᄙ ƞƾƿƣƽᅟ
ǂƫƶƢ ƞƹƢ Ƣƣǁƺǀƽƫƹƨ Ƣƫƾƣƞƾƣᄕᅺ ƫƹ ᄙ ơƞƽƟƺƽƺǀƨƩᄕ ᄙ ᄙ ǁƞƹ Ƣƣƽ ƫưƴᄕ ᄙ ᄙ ƞƹƾƺƹᄕ ᄙ ƫƣƨƶƣƽ ᄬƣƢƾᄙᄭ ƹƢƢƲ ƢơƩƠƩƵƢ ƣƹƶƴ ƩƷƷƶƠƹƞƻƢƺ ƻƶ ƞƳƢƵ ᄬƿǀƢƫƣƾ ƫƹ ƹơƫƣƹƿ ƣƢƫᅟ ơƫƹƣᄙ ƺƶᄙᇶᇲᄭᄙ ƣƫƢƣƹ ᄧ ƺƾƿƺƹᄕ ᇺᇳᅬᇻᇸᄙ ƞǂƶƣDŽᄕ ᄙ ᄬᇳᇻᇻᇺᄭ ᅸƩƣ ƞƶƣ ƺƢDŽ ƞƾ ƻƣơƿƞơƶƣ ƫƹ ƿƿƫơ ƽƞƸƞᄕᅺ ƫƹ ᄙ ƺǃƩƞƶƶᄕ ᄙ ƞƶƸƺƹ ᄬƣƢƾᄙᄭ ƨƩƵƲƩƵƧ ƢƵხ ƞƺƠƼƳƩƵƩƻǀ ƞƵơ Ʃƻƺ ƢƳƣᄵƢƷƹƢƺƢƵƻƞƻƩƶƵ ƩƵ ƻƨƢ ƳƞƺƺƩƠƞƳ ƹƞơƩᄵ ƻƩƶƵჯ ƺƹƢƺƹᄕ ᇺᇵᅬᇻᇻᄙ ƺƾƞƴᄕ ᄙ ᄙ ᄬᇴᇲᇲᇸᄭ ᅸƩƣ Ƹƞƶƣ ƫƹƿƣƽƫƺƽᄘ ƾƿƽƣƹƨƿƩᄕ ƫƶƶƹƣƾƾᄕ ƞƹƢ ƸƞƾơǀƶƫƹƫƿDŽᄕᅺ ƫƹ ƺƻƩƺơƶƣƾᅷ Ʃƫƶƺơƿƣƿƣƾ ᄬ ǀƶƶƣƿƫƹ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ƹƾƿƫƿǀƿƣ ƺƤ ƶƞƾƾƫơƞƶ ƿǀƢƫƣƾᄙ ǀƻƻƶƣƸƣƹƿᄕ ƺᄙ ᇺᇹᄕ ƽƣƣƴ ƽƞƸƞ ᄘ ƾƾƞDŽƾ ƫƹ Ʃƺƹƺǀƽ ƺƤ ᄙ ƣƣᄭᄕ ᇶᇻᅬᇸᇶᄙ ǀᄕ ᄙ ᄬᇴᇲᇴᇳᄭ ᅸƩƣ ƞƢƹƣƾƾ ƞƹƢ ƿƩƣ ƞƟƺƽƾᄕᅺ ƫƹ ᄙ ƨƢƣƹ ᄬƣƢᄙᄭ ƨƢ ƿƣƶƹơ ƨƞƵơƟƶƶƲ ƶƣ ƢƹƞƠƳƢƺᄙ ǃƤƺƽƢᄕ ᇳᇵᅬᇴᇷᄙ ƫƶƶƣƽᄕ ᄙᄙ ᄬᇳᇻᇶᇴᄭ ᅸƺƸƣ ƣƢƫơƞƶ ƣƽƸƾ ƫƹ ƣƾơƩDŽƶǀƾᄕᅺ ƨƢ ƳƞƺƺƩƠƞƳ ƢƢƲƳǀ ᇵᇷᄕ ᇴᇹᇺᅬᇴᇹᇻᄙ ƞƢƣƶᄕ ᄙ ᄬᇳᇻᇻᇴᄭ Ƶ ƞƵơ Ƽƻ ƶƣ ƻƨƢ ƩƵơხ ƹƢƢƲ ƴƞƧƢƺ ƶƣ ƻƨƢ ƹƞƧƩƠ ƢƳƣᄙ ƽƫƹơƣƿƺƹᄙ

Summary

Introduction

ᄙ Ʃƣ ƾƻƽƣƞƢ ƺƤ Ʃƣƞƶƫƹƨ ơǀƶƿƾ ƞƹƢ ƻƽƞơƿƫơƣƾ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ᇷƿƩ ơƣƹƿǀƽDŽ ƫƹƾƻƫƽƣƢ ƿƽƞᅟ ƨƣƢƫƞƹƾ ƿƺ ƾƣƞƽơƩ Ƥƺƽ ƹƣǂ ƤƺƽƸƾ ƺƤ Ƣƣƻƫơƿƫƹƨ Ʃƣƽƺƣƾ ƾǀƤƤƣƽƫƹƨ ƤƽƺƸ ƻƩDŽƾƫơƞƶ ƺƽ Ƹƣƹƿƞƶ ƫƶƶƹƣƾƾƣƾᄙ Ʃƣ ǀƹƢƣƽƾƿƞƹƢƫƹƨ ƺƤ ƫƶƶƹƣƾƾ ƫƹ ƿƽƞƨƣƢƫƣƾ ơƺƹƿƽƞƾƿƣƢ ǂƫƿƩ ƿƩƣƫƽ ƽƞƿƫƺƹƞƶ ǀƹƢƣƽᅟ ƾƿƞƹƢƫƹƨᄕ ƞƤƤƫƽƸƣƢ ƿƩƣ Ƣƫǁƫƹƣ ƺƽƫƨƫƹ ƺƤ ƻƞƫƹƤǀƶ ƾǀƤƤƣƽƫƹƨ ƞƹƢ ƿƩƣ ƻƺƾƾƫƟƫƶƫƿDŽ ƺƤ ƶƣƞƽƹƫƹƨ ƿƩƽƺǀƨƩ ƿƩƣƸᄙ ƹ ƣƾơƩDŽƶǀƾᄕ ƺƻƩƺơƶƣƾ ƞƹƢ ǀƽƫƻƫƢƣƾᄕ Ʃƣƽƺƣƾ ƾǀƤƤƣƽƫƹƨ ƤƽƺƸ Ƣƫƾƣƞƾƣƾ ƞƽƣ ƺƤƿƣƹ ƫƹ ƿƩƣ ƽƺƶƣ ƺƤ ƾƿǀƢƣƹƿƾᄕ ƞƹƢ ƿƩƺƾƣ ƞƽƺǀƹƢ ƿƩƣƸ ƞƽƣ ƫƹ ƿƩƣ ƽƺƶƣ ƺƤ Ƹƣƹƿƺƽƾᄕ Ʃƣƶƻƫƹƨ ƿƺ ơƺƻƣ ǂƫƿƩ ƿƩƣ Ƣƫƾƣƞƾƣ ƺƽ ưǀƾƿ ƺƟƾƣƽǁƫƹƨ ƫƿƾ ơƺǀƽƾƣᄙ Ʃƣ ƞƽƿƫơƶƣ Ƣƫƾơǀƾƾƣƾ ƢƫƤƤƣƽƣƹƿ ƾƿƽƞƿᅟ ƣƨƫƣƾ Ƥƺƽ ƿƣƞơƩƫƹƨ Ʃƣƽƺƣƾ ƿƩƽƺǀƨƩ Ƹƣƹƿƞƶ ƺƽ ƻƩDŽƾƫơƞƶ ƫƶƶƹƣƾƾᄕ ƻƽƣƾƣƹƿƣƢ ƫƹ ƿƩƣ ƿƽƞƨƣƢƫƣƾ ᅙƽƣƾƿƣƾᅙᄕ ᅙ ưƞǃᅙ ƞƹƢ ᅙƩƫƶƺơƿƣƿƣƾᅙᄙ Ʃƣ ƻƣƢƞƨƺƨƫơƞƶ ƢƫƸƣƹƾƫƺƹ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ƤƺƽƸǀƶƞ ᅙƽƣƾƣƹƿᅟ Ƹƣƹƿ ᅟ ƫƶƶƹƣƾƾ ᅟ ƢƣƞƿƩ ᄧ ƿƩƽƣƞƿ ƺƤ ƢƣƞƿƩᅙ ƫƾ ơƺƹƾƫƢƣƽƣƢ ƞƾ ƣǃƻƶƞƫƹƫƹƨ ƿƩƣ ƻƣơǀƶƫƞƽƫƿƫƣƾ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ƢƽƞƸƞƿƫơ ƽƣƻƽƣƾƣƹƿƞƿƫƺƹ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ơƫƿDŽ ƞƾ ƞ ƾƻƞơƣ ƺƤ ᄬǀƹᄭƩƣƞƶƿƩᄙ ᄘ ƩƫƾƿƺƽDŽ ƺƤ ƻƩƫƶƺƾƺƻƩDŽᄕ ƩƫƾƿƺƽDŽ ƺƤ ƸƣƢƫơƫƹƣᄕ ơƫƿDŽ ƾƻƞơƣᄕ Ƣƫƾƣƞƾƣᄕ ƣƾơƩDŽƶǀƾᄕ ǀᅟ ƽƫƻƫƢƣƾᄕ ƺƻƩƺơƶƣƾᄕ ưƞǃᄕ ƽƣƾƿƣƾᄕ Ʃƫƶƺơƿƣƿƣƾᄙ ᅚ ၃ႀႀၺၴၳၽၱၯၼၷၴ ၱႊၾၽၺၼၴၼၽ ၶၯ ႀႆၴႁ ၲၿၯၼႁၯ ။ၽႀႀၷၸႀၹၽၲၽ ၼၯႂႆၼၽၲၽ ႃၽၼၳၯ ᇰ ᇳᇺᅟᇹᇺᅟ ᇳᇲᇲᇲᇳᅟ၊ᄕ ƩƿƿƻƾᄘᄧᄧƽƾơƤᄙƽǀᄧƻƽƺưƣơƿᄧᇳᇺᅟᇹᇺᅟᇳᇲᇲᇲᇳᄧᄙ.

Results

Conclusion