Abstract
One of the factors affecting wheat productivity in Tajikistan is the emergence and spread of rust diseases - yellow, stem and leaf rust. Emerging new races of pathogens virulent to existing resistance genes in wheat varieties create new challenges. The selection of rust resistant wheat genotypes is usually carried out by studying phenotypic traits in seedlings (seedling resistance) and in adult plants (adult plant resistance) and analysis using available molecular markers. It has been established that races of yellow rust affecting wheat varieties in Tajikistan are aggressive and are characterized by high temperature tolerance. According to the results of studies, it was found that the highest degree of resistance to yellow rust is observed in varieties Sarvar, Vakhdat, AIKT-20 and Fayzbakhsh, in old-grown varieties Kaboi Pandzhakent and Surkhak-5688, as well as in the line PASTOR/3/VORON. Most of the new wheat varieties have the following groups of rust resistance genes: Sr31/Yr9/Lr26, Sr38/Yr17/Lr37, Yr30/Sr2/Lr27 и Yr18/Lr34/Sr5. In this regard, it is necessary to constantly monitor the spread and development of rust diseases, as well as to select wheat varieties for resistance to rust using both traditional and modern methods using molecular markers.
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