Обучение биатлонистов различной спортивной квалификации знаниям правил стрельбы и умениям их применять: мнение экспертов

Abstract

Knowledge of the rules of shooting and the ability to apply them allow biathletes to perform well in sports competitions. Biathlon competitions are often held under conditions of changing wind forces and direction. The wind displaces the bullet relative to the center of the target, which results in an inaccurate shot. Therefore, in order to ensure accurate shooting in wind conditions, biathletes should know and be able to apply such rules of shooting as making adjustments to the sights and aim-off shooting. The aim of this study is to determine at what point in the long-term biathlon training athletes should know and be able to apply certain shooting rules. The study examines shooting rules - shot mark; determination of the mean point of impact; amendments to the sight; aim-off shooting in wind conditions - that biathletes should learn at various stages of athletic training. The results of the research can be used in the development of biathlon sports training programmes, namely, normative and methodological parts, credit requirements for general and special shooting training. Expert interviews were used as the research method. The experts were distinguished coaches of Russia, coaches of the highest qualification in biathlon who work with athletes of national teams of the Russian Federation, with athletes of sports training centers and schools of the Olympic reserve of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The experts' opinions were checked for consistency by calculating the concordance coefficient and assessing the statistical reliability of the estimates. The consensus opinion of the experts on the methodology of training biathletes in shooting rules and in the application of these rules is that training should be carried out in a cumulative manner, taking into account the athletes' qualifications, and in the following sequence: biathletes should be trained shot mark starting from the youth category, determination of the mean point of impact starting from the sports category, amendments to the sight starting from the sports category; aim-off shooting starting with the “candidate in the master of sports” qualification.