КАЗУСЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ИСТОРИИ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ В РОССИИ: О НЕПОХОЖЕЙ СУДЬБЕ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ТЕРМИНОВ

Abstract

The article provides a comparative analysis of the processes of adapting of the disciplines formed in the USA (“ecological anthropology”, “environmental history”) to national ethnography and history, respectively. In the early 1980s V.I. Kozlov was the first to attempt institutionalizing a special science that is on the border of the subject fields of ecology and ethnography. As a result of his active actions, the name “ethnic ecology” was fixed for a vast field studying questions related to ecology and ethnography. The literal translation of “ecological anthropology” and “ethnoecology” (in the meaning in which the term is used in the West) in Russia is usually used only when describing a foreign tradition. During the formation of the national ecological history, there was a direct transfer of the foreign tradition to the Russian soil, supported by the activity of foreign institutions. Therefore, the issue of constructing the name for a new discipline in Russia is more connected with the question of translating “environmental history”. The analysis of two opposite ways of institutionalization of new scientific directions allows us to take a fresh look at the issues of national specifics of the general subject structure of social and humanitarian knowledge and the role of the subjective factor in the formation of scientific traditions.