Функциональная асимметрия и межполушарное взаимодействие в слухоречевой деятельности у пациентов с эндогенными психическими заболеваниями

Abstract

Relevance : the deviation from a typical brain lateralization in the audio-speech sphere among patients with endogenous mental disorders is established by numerous of researches. However, the data described in scientific literature are ambiguous. One of methods of definition of a lateralization of audio-speech functions is dichotic listening. This technique is simple in use and is convenient for application both in research, and in clinical practice. The goal of the study : to identify and describe the peculiarities of audio-speech activity in patients with endogenous diseases by the method of dichotic listening. Material : three groups of subjects were examined: 33 healthy volunteers, 35 patients with endogenous affective disorders and 54 patients with schizophrenia. Method : the test of verbal dichotic listening with four-pair presentation of words by special audio material offered D. Kimura and adapted into Russian B.S. Kotik. Results : it was revealed: 1) more high frequency of dextral asymmetry profiles in the audio-speech activity among patients with endogenous diseases compared to a healthy group; 2) relatively high frequency of bilaterality in the group of healthy subjects and low — among patients, especially with a diagnosis of schizophrenia; 3) high incidence of deviation from the normative values of right ear coefficient in patients with endogenous diseases, and low incidence of deviation in the healthy group; 4) decrease in productivity (mainly due to losing the words directed to the left ear) and the effectiveness in audio-speech activity in patients with endogenous diseases, especially with schizophrenia, compared to healthy subjects; 5) dependence of audio-speech activity on the severity of the mental state: the lowest effectiveness was in patients with severe schizophrenic symptoms that required treatment in hospital. Conclusions : the study of functional asymmetry and inter-hemispheric connectivity by dichotic listening test is very informative and can be as a basis for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of endogenous diseases, as well as an criterion of their severity and, perhaps, effectiveness of treatment.