Автомашины дугуйн мөрөөр үүсэх хөрсний эвдрэл, доройтлын судалгааны үр дүн (Шороон замын жишээн дээр)

Abstract

According to the 2010 Desertification Map, 77.8 percent of Mongolia's territory is affected by desertification and land degradation, of which 35.3 percent are weak, 25.9 percent are moderate, 6.7 percent are strong, and 9.9 percent are very strong. (ADM, 2013). The effect of soil compaction is more pronounced in agriculture, especially in agricultural areas (Barnes, 1971). Soil compaction is a common or multifaceted process caused by human feet, cattle hooves, and car tire pressure (Lull, 1959). Most researchers have suggested that soil compaction is also caused by unpaved roads (Webb & Wilshire, 1978). This soil compaction, caused by unpaved roads, is a key condition for rapid soil erosion (Snyder, 1976); (Iverson, 1980). According to a 2015 study by the Institute of Geography and Geoecology, a total of 3 million hectares have been destroyed by vehicle tires. The purpose of this article is to show the impact of unpaved roads on soil erosion and degradation in different natural areas of Mongolia. Unpaved road vehicles put a lot of pressure on the soil and leaves tires on the road, which has a very negative effect on soil loss, compaction and further water-physical properties of the soil. As of 1997, 8000-12,000 km2 of vehicle trails have been affected by desertification in Mongolia, which is a major factor in field degradation in some areas (MOE, 1997B). Therefore, the intensive use of unpaved roads has become an ecological (soil) imbalance. In this study, we collected soil bulk density samples in 3 times each from soil cover in 3 different natural zones at depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm, and measured the cross-section of unpaved roads, calculated the changes in their water-physical properties by laboratory methods and the amount of soil lost. As a result of the study, fine dust and loam from the unpaved road spread over a maximum of 30 km from the study area, covering an area of ​​100 km2, and the amount of soil lost per hectare in the forest-steppe zone was 196.97 tons. This is due to the fact that the soil cover is more compacted due to unpaved roads. The use of unpaved roads has a major negative impact on soil degradation in our country.