Перспективні енергетичні культури на осушуваних торфовищах Лісостепу та їх водоспоживання в умовах зміни клімату

Abstract

Goal. To determine the productivity of energy plantations, to investigate the parameters of water consumption of the main bioenergy crops on the drained organogenic soils of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine in modern conditions of climate change. Methods. Experimental on the basis of lysimeter studies and comparative-analytical, carried out on experimental sites of reclamation systems, mathematical modeling and processing of experimental data. The results. It was found that the maximum water consumption characteristic of the tristem willow in August is 8.02 thousand m3/ha, and this fact confirms the significant drying effect of tree crops. The lowest water consumption during the period of active vegetation was recorded in giant miscanthus — 2.53 thousand m3/ha. The total water consumption of Jerusalem artichoke from May to October was 18,100 m3/ha, corn — 12, sorghum — 10,800 m3/ha. It was found that lowering the groundwater level from 80 to 100 cm had little effect on the water consumption of Jerusalem artichoke, willow and miscanthus. The difference for these cultures does not exceed 1–3%. However, corn water consumption decreased by 112 L/kg dry matter, or 17%, and sorghum water consumption decreased by 205 L/kg, or 30% overall. In case of creation of large-scale bioenergy plantations, the area of which is measured in hundreds of hectares, it is necessary to modernize and repair the drying and humidification system. Conclusions. Climatic changes had a positive effect on the productivity of corn and sweet sorghum, the yield of dry biomass of which increased by 0.8 and 3.4 t/ha on average over three years, respectively, and negatively on the productivity of willow, it fell by 1.4 t/ha ; the productivity of miscanthus and Jerusalem artichoke did not change significantly. Therefore, when growing large plantations of energy crops, it is necessary to take into account the water regime of the land used: in fields with limited water resources, grow such annual crops as sorghum and corn, on lands with sufficient moisture — miscanthus, Jerusalem artichoke, in overmoistened places — willow plantations.