Обеспеченность женщины микронутриентами во время прегравидарной подготовки, беременности и грудного вскармливания. Задачи и перспективы

Abstract

Adequate micronutrient provision in a woman at the stage of pregravid preparation, during pregnancy is very important for its normal course, as well as for the well-being of the woman and her future offspring. In the periconceptional period, throughout pregnancy, as well as during breastfeeding, the need for a number of micronutrients increases. A balanced diet can compensate for it only to some extent, given that in our country there is a deficiency of micronutrients which are essential for the normal course of pregnancy, and the need for their supplement remains from the preconceptional period until the end of lactation. Excessive intake of vitamins carries certain risks: long-term administration of multicomponent vitamin-mineral complexes is associated with an increase in the risk of fetal macrosomia, and as the number of their components increases, so does the probability of pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic interactions between them. The desire to reach the optimal dosage of one of the components with its true hypovitaminosis can lead to a violation of the dosage of its other components. Thus, nutritional support during pregnancy requires a basic supplement of strictly defined vitamins and microelements essential for normal gestation, such as folic acid, iodine, vitamin D and polyunsaturated fatty acids at dosages corresponding to the daily physiological requirement established for pregnant women. Key words: pregnancy, vitamins, vitamin D, iodine, lactation, micronutrients, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pregravid preparation, folates