АСПЕКТЫ РАЗДЕЛЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ СПЛАВОВ ИЗ ОТХОДОВ МЕТАЛЛУРГИИ РАСПЛАВЛЕНИЕМ ПОД ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ ПОТОКА КОНЦЕНТРИРОВАННОГО СОЛНЕЧНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ

Abstract

Possibilities of using solar installations based on mirror-focusing systems in technological processes, for processing of inorganic materials, in particular, materials in a stream of concentrated high-density solar radiation, have been analyzed. To deal with disposal of the waste generated from the mining and metallurgical processes, the use of mobile, compact solar installations that allow direct processing of mining and metallurgical waste in the immediate vicinity of dumps with extraction of metals, is being proposed. Geometric and opticalenergy parameters of the processing concentrator destined to facilitate extracting of metals from mining wastes, have been calculated. It is shown that, a system of mirrors, consisting of a heliostat (100 m2 ) and a paraboloid-shaped concentrator with a diameter of 10 m, can focus a solar radiation flux with a density sufficient to melt metallurgical waste from the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Plant. It was revealed that when the material is heated in a carbon medium, the process of metal reduction from their oxide states proceeds according to the ‘MeO + C = Me + CO’ reaction formula. Some metals oxidize when cooled in air according to their chemical affinity for oxygen. It was found that a continuous supply of a material to the melting unit enables melting of 2 400 kg of the material within 1 sunny day. This means that within 1 year, one solar furnace can process 500 tons of industrial waste with extraction of 110 and 16 tons of iron and copper, accordingly. It is shown that ultrasonic treatment of waste materials facilitates an increase in the amounts of recovered copper in the melt, by 8 times compared to the initial state of the material.