Abstract
Conventional techniques for food and water quality control and environmental monitoring in general have a number of drawbacks. Below we propose a label-free highly accurate analytical technique for multiplex detection of biomarkers based on the analysis of propagation of Bloch waves on the surface of a photonic crystal. The technique can be used to measure molecular and cell affinity interactions in real time by recording critical and excitation angles of the surface wave on the surface of a photonic crystal. Based on the analysis of photonic crystal surface modes, we elaborated a protocol for the detection of the exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the heat-labile toxin LT of Escherichia coli. The protocol exploits detection of affinity interactions between antigens pumped through a microfluidic cell and detector antibodies conjugated to the chemically activated silica chip. The proposed technique is highly sensitive, cheap and less time-consuming in comparison with surface plasmon resonance.
Highlights
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We propose a novel approach to the detection of bacterial contamination based on the use of photonic crystal surface modes (PCSMs)
Besides we show that a PCSM-based biosensor can detect bacterial toxins in a liquid sample using the exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the heat-labile toxin LT of Escherichia coli
Summary
Conventional techniques for food and water quality control and environmental monitoring in general have a number of drawbacks. Conventional western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are relatively user-friendly and cost-effective but at the same time low-throughput and time-consuming They are МЕТОД МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ suitable for clinical diagnosis but require additional sample preparation involving the use of enzymatic and fluorescent labels to amplify the emitted signal, which increases costs and complicates the procedure. All of them are multiplex, i.e. able to detect multiple analytes in one sample Unlike traditional approaches, these techniques are high-throughput; they are expensive and the yielded results are difficult to interpret, which makes them unsuitable for routine use. Great promise is held by surface plasmon resonance [7] based on the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons at the metal/dielectric interface by incident light This fast and sensitive label-free technique can go without complicated sample preparation. It exploits antibodies specific for a target protein that are conjugated to the surface of a thin gold film; soluble antigens present in the liquid sample bind to the antibodies, and the resulting mass transfer is manifested as a change in the refractive index value of the superficial layer of the liquid close to the surface of the golden film
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