Розвиток рослинності півострова Сконе (Південна Швеція) у ранньому і середньому голоцені за палінологічними даними

Abstract

The paper presents a detailed palynological study of a sediment core from Lake Vomb in the central Scania, south Sweden. The pollen spectra are dominated by arboreal taxa, namely Alnus sp., Corylus avellana, Quercus sp., Pinus sylvestris, Betula sp. and others. The appearance and frequencies changes of the various pollen taxa show a vegetation succession from the Late Glacial to Middle Holocene. During the Late Glacial, open tundra-steppe prevailed around the lake, and the vegetation cover was sparse. In the early Holocene tundra-steppe vegetation changed to open woodland with Betula and Pinus as main elements, although, some types of tundra-steppe vegetation were present, such as Artemisia sp. and Chenopodiaceae. During the Boreal period, the area of coniferous forests gradually reduced and the migration of nemoral vegetation to southern Sweden began. During the Atlantic period, deciduous Quercus forests with Ulmus, Tilia and Fraxinus prevailed around the lake. The emergence of the Neolithic settlements at the end of the Atlantic period was reflected in the reduction of forest areas due to felling and burning of trees. The beginning of human impact on the vegetation was traced following the appearance of pollen of cultivated grasses and anthropophytes (e.g. Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosa). In the Subboreal period, cultural landscapes of the southern Sweden combined natural deciduous forests and meadows, pastures and arable land of ancient cultures. In the middle of the Subboreal time, migration of Fagus and Carpinus to the Scania began.