Влияние абиотических факторов весенне-летнего периода на формирование хозяйственно ценных признаков у сортов черешни (Сerasus avium L.) в условиях юга России

Abstract

Abstraсt. This paper shows a variation in the yield of 11 studied sweet cherry varieties from a minimum value of 5 kg/tree in 2020 (Dar izobilya variety) to a maximum of 65.0 kg per tree in 2021 (Kavkazskaya variety), which was more dependent on the weather conditions of the growing season. In this regard, the aim of the research is to study the biological features of the formation of indicators of yield and quality of fruits of Russian and introduced varieties of sweet cherries, and related weather and climatic factors. By means of statistical evaluation, the coefficient of variation was established, which was high for all varieties – from 63.1 % to 97.3 %, which indicates strong fluctuations in yield during the study period (2019-2023). The indicator "fruit weight" is a varietal feature, therefore it does not vary much by year of observation within each variety. Thus, the coefficient of variation in the studied varieties ranged from 2.7 % (Sashenka variety) to 15.8 % (Kavkazskaya variety). By varieties, this indicator varied quite strongly from the lowest value in 2022 of 4.3 g (Kavkazskaya variety) to the highest 10.3 g in 2022 (Krupnoplodnaya variety). According to the results of the study, the varieties that are least affected by climatic factors were identified, which had an average yield of 31.5-35.2 kg per tree over 5 years of study, subject to the almost complete absence of fruits in 2020 these include – Alaya, Volshebnitsa and Dar Isobiliay. A correlation has been established between the studied breeding-valuable indicators and various abiotic factors influencing their formation. The yield index had a high correlation with the average annual air temperature R2 = 0.60 and the amount of precipitation in April – R 2 = 0.60. The fruit weight indicator was most dependent on the average monthly temperature in June, in this case the correlation coefficient was – R 2 = 0.80, as well as the amount of precipitation for the year – R 2 = 0.54. Keywords: variety, sweet cherry, abiotic factors, yield, productivity, fruit weight. Financing source: The research was carried out within the State Task of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the FSBSI NCFSCHVW.