Оцінка рівня функціонального стану і протікання специфічного біологічного циклу велосипедисток та спортсменок вільної боротьби 15-16 років

Abstract

Purpose: to determine the functioning of the cardiovascular and reproductive system of cyclists and wrestlers 15-16 years under the influence of specific physical activity. Material and methods. 14 athletes took part in the research, 7 of them were freestyle wrestling (3 – I category, 4 – candidates for master of sports) and 7 – Mountain Bike (MTO) races (4 – I category, 3 – candidates for master of sports). Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical and biomedical research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the analysis of educational programs (freestyle wrestling, cycling-MTV) of the age group of 15-16 years showed that in these kinds of sports a different mode of educational and training work during the annual cycle. So, for freestyle wrestling athletes in the age group 15-16 years old, special physical training is planned for 100 hours, psychological training for 20 hours, competitive training for 42 hours, for 70 hours – rehabilitation means for 6 hours – medical control, while female cyclists – MTB is 12 hours more than general physical training, 144 hours more – technical and tactical. After the training year, the analysis of the trainers' plans showed that in freestyle wrestling, the percentage of general physical training has changed and amounted to 16 %, special physical – 24 %, technical and tactical – 33 %, psychological – 4 %, while in cycling general physical training – 19 %, special physical – 25 %, technical and tactical – 34 %, psychological – 6 %. Special and technical-tactical work by 1 % and psychological work by 2 % more were performed by cyclists relative to wrestlers. Comparison of the indicators of the cardiovascular system of female athletes showed a statistical difference in systolic blood pressure (t=3,60; t=8,92; p<0,001), in diastolic blood pressure (t=3,56; t=6,00, p<0,001), in the aerobic metabolic capacity (t=5,08; t=7,07; p<0,001), in the anaerobic metabolic capacity (t=12,20; t=8,14; p<0,001). According to a survey of female athletes, it was determined that in September 2019, 33 % of athletes 15-16 years old had irregular menstruation and 67% – regular, in December 2019 4 3% – irregular and 57 % – regular, in May 2020 50% – irregular and 50 % – regular, in September 2020 57 % – irregular and 43 % – regular menstruation. Conclusions. The analysis of curricula for the chosen sport and training plans of coaches by types of training showed that the specificity of the training process is the specificity of the discipline in which relatively independent types are clearly visible, and the distribution of training and competitive physical loads is interconnected with the stage of training. Comparison of the indicators of the cardiovascular system of female athletes 15-16 years old showed that higher performance in cyclists as a result of training (physiologically athletic heart. At the same time, among wrestlers it was recognized as more optimal indicators of the heart muscle for further improvement of sportsmanship. The negative dynamics of the ovarian cycle at the age of 15-16 years was determined, which amounted to 21 % of irregular menstruation. Keywords: freestyle wrestling, cycling-MTB, specific biological cycle, cardiovascular system.