보행친화 관점에서 본 근린주구 계획모델의 특성 연구 :북미, 영국, 한국, 싱가포르의 근린생활권 시설물 분석을 중심으로

Abstract

This study is to explore the ways configuration methods of key elements in neighborhood units encourage walkability, still an integral aspect in planning residential areas. Prototypical cases of residential design in the four nations are examined with their neighborhood unit planning models. Among various elements constituting walkability of a given neighborhood unit, this study focuses on three elements related to neighborhood facilities: ‘green’, ‘commerce & service’, and ‘school’. The findings are as follows: First, in most cases, the dispersed configuration method for neighborhood units was the most elemental approach to organizing ‘green’ and ‘commerce & service’. Second, the configuration constituents of ‘green’ and ‘school’ were applied differently in North America and the UK; in the case of ‘green’, combinations of scattered and center-focused features were adopted in North America, while greenerys surrounding the neighborhood were attempted in the UK. The element of ‘school’ was treated as an independent facility in North America and located along exposed roadsides, which is in contrast with the UK where it was located far from high-traffic roads with facilities. Third, even though the methods of ‘green’ and ‘commerce & service’ were used in similar way among the four nations, the results differed in actuality as a result of, high-density developments in South Korea and Singapore. Lastly, in the years since the 1990, when sustainability became a major planning concept, neighborhood configuration methods in most cases were enhanced for active walkability.