Abstract
The paper reports the results of comparative analysis of the kinematic and electromyographic data about human locomotions before and after head-down and orthostatic bed rest of varying length, and successive exposure. We analyzed 3 experimental series, i.e. 21-d head-down bed rest at –6˚(HDBR) reproducing the physiological effects of microgravity, 14-d orthostatic bed rest at +9.6˚ (OBR) reproducing the lunar gravity effects and sequential exposure to 3-d HDBR and 7-d OBR reproducing a mission to the Moon. Locomotions consisted of walking at 60 steps/min and running at the 10 km/h along the horizontal plane, and walking at 3.5 km/h along an inclined plane. All hyporkinesia models unfailingly caused marked changes in kinematics and motor movements. Both types of hypokinesia affected intramuscular and intermuscular coordination as in the gravity-dependent, so flexor muscles of the ankle and knee joint. OBR had a more distinct effect on locomotion biomechanics in comparison with the baseline data. Walking along the inclined plane was characterized by significant changes equally in kinematics and EMG. In addition to changes of the external walking structure, the sequence of 3-d HDBR and 7-d OBR also redistributed the specific input to locomotion of the leg, thigh and specific muscles.
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