Вплив різних способів обробітку ґрунту на структурно-агрегатний склад чорнозему типового у Правобережному Лісостепу України

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies of the structural-aggregate composition of chernozem, which is characteristic depending on the tillage in the cultivation of soybeans under various predecessors. It has been established that minimization of processing allowed improving the structural and aggregate composition of typical black soil. The highest content of agronomic value fraction agronomically valuable aggregates is 0–10 cm. On the lunar slope, they were formed into 12–14 cm and 6–8 cm crayons. Surface treatments were 66,2–69,56 %. In the case of untreated machining of bits, their share was 64,54–66,70 %, and in sections 20–22 cm – 62,76–64,69 %. In the variant of direct seeding – 63,77–67,31 %. During the growing season of soybean, an increase in the share of the agronomic red fraction is observed due to a decrease in dust and brylisti. For plowing fate at 20–22 cm. The soil fraction (10–0,25 mm) was 70,8–72,6% of the processing without shredding (chisel up to 20–22 cm) – 71,5–74,0 % by fine tillage (disk harrow 12-14 cm) – 71,6–74,5 %, surface treatment (disk harrow 6–8 cm) – 72,4-75,1 %, direct seeding – 67,9–71,7%. The highest coefficient of structurality of the upper (0-10 cm) layer of soil at the beginning of soybean vegetation was noted on the varieties of shallow and surface soil treatment: preceding crops winter wheat– 2,16 and 2,29, barley – 2,01 and 2,14, corn grain – 1,96 and 2,09, sunflower – 1,98 and 2,03, soybeans – 1,93 and 1,99. Layers of soil at the bottom (10–20 and 20–30 cm) Above this factor in paths without loose rotation due to compaction of these layers as a result of strong contact of individual particles. During the harvesting of the crop in all variants, regardless of the factors studied, the soil structure has improved.