Аспекти нейрогуморальної регуляції функціональної активності організму риб за умов впливу абіотичних та біотичних чинників (огляд)

Abstract

Purpose. To make a comprehensive analysis and review the main aspects of the formation of the resistance of hydrobiont bodies under the influence of various factors. To show the mechanism of action of the main physiological and biochemical processes in the context of understanding the general functionality of hydrobiont bodies. To summarize the basic concepts and opinion regarding the activity of metabolic processes, regulation of enzymatic activity in hydrobiont bodies against the background of the conditions of influence of abiotic and biotic factors. Findings. An overview of modern scientific publications is presented, showing the idea of the hydrobiont body as a single functional system. Supplemented by the author’s own judgments regarding the role of physiological and biochemical processes in the formation of adaptive and compensatory mechanisms of fish, the main mechanisms of adjustment of vital processes in view of the influence of stress factors. In general, open literature data on the studies on the adaptive capacity of hydrobiont bodies against the background of the introduction of adaptogens, developmental stimulants, and immunomodulators. The general aspects of ways to solve the problem in the context of increasing the resistance of hydrobiont bodies under various exposure conditions, including growing conditions, are considered. Experimental studies were analyzed, in particular, the effectiveness of the influence of the feed factor, technological elements of cultivation on the general functional status of hydrobiont bodies. The main physiological and biochemical mechanisms of influence on metabolic processes, enzymatic activity and adaptive capabilities of fish under the influence of biologically active substances and the conditions of the aquatic environment were studied. Aspects of neurohumoral regulation in fiosh body are highlighted, which reflect the general mechanism of action and mechanisms for adjusting the vital functions of the functional system of hydrobionts. Practical value. The review carried out on the presented topic can be useful for scientists, students of higher education, practitioners, private entrepreneurs who are related to the fishery industry, research works in aquaculture. Key words: hydrobionts, organism, physiological and biochemical processes, regulation mechanism, abiotic, biotic factors.