ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ТА НІМЕЦЬКОЇ ПРОПАГАНДИ НА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ТЕРЕНАХ В ПЕРІОД ЗАВЕРШАЛЬНОГО ЕТАПУ НІМЕЦЬКО-РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ

Abstract

The manipulative influence of the Soviet and German ideological machines on the population of the Ukrainian territories at the final stage of the Soviet-German war is studied. The state of studying the problem in the scientific literature and sources is considered, special attention is paid to the use of periodicals, especially local, in the propaganda of both the Soviet Union and the other warring party - Nazi Germany. Attention is drawn to the attempts of the Nazi authorities to gain the loyalty of the Ukrainian population through propaganda manipulations during the occupation, emphasizing the mass crimes and repressions of the Bolshevik regime. At the same time, the policy of the Third Reich, the civilization mission of Germany, and the resounding victories of the German Wehrmacht were portrayed positively. The Ukrainian population was intimidated by the prospect of the return of the brutal Soviet regime with its plans to punish those under German occupation. On the other hand, it is shown how the Soviet authorities exerted propaganda efforts to spread influence on the population of Ukrainian territory, even during the period of the population under German occupation in order to encourage to sabotage the measures of the occupying power, to fight against the Nazi regime. It was stressed that after the return of Soviet power, a large part of the population, who hoped for softening, liberalization of the Bolshevik regime, was disappointed by the return of repressive authorities, unjustified persecution of civilians, pressure on Ostarbeiters, former concentration camp prisoners, and socioeconomic injustice. It is noted that Soviet propaganda took measures to form the so-called "new Soviet patriotism" in order to neutralize these factors and the previous influence of the German ideological machine. To this end, the military feat of the Red Army, guerrillas, and rear workers was glorified, often exaggerated, and the crimes of the Nazis were emphasized. Thus, the inhabitants of the Ukrainian territories were encouraged to make heroic efforts for the final victory over Germany and the reconstruction of the country.