Новые материалы на основе природных кремнийсодержащих минералов и их использование для ремедиации загрязненных углеводородами почв

Abstract

Silicon (Si)-rich minerals are widely used in agriculture and ecology, in particular, for remediation of contaminated soils and restoration of soil fertility. But natural minerals are commonly low efficient, resulting in high application rate. The performance of Si-based materials is largely determined by the supply of active Si forms, primarily water-soluble monosilicic acid. The effect of different modes of heat treatment on the efficacy of zeolite, diatomite and marl as a source of active Si forms was studied. Heating at 500 – 700 °С provided sharp increase in the water- and acid-extractable Si. The highest increases were observed at 30 min heating at 500 °С and 15-min heating at 700 °С. A further increase in temperature up to 1000оС or at heating time more than 15 min at 700 °С led to decreasing active Si. In vegetation test conducted with sand polluted by mixture of used engine oil and diesel fuel, heat-activated marl (EcoFlora) facilitated a decrease in petroleum hydrocarbons from 3 to 0.5 % over 4 weeks. In addition, the wheat tolerance to hydrocarbon-induced toxicity was enhanced, which was evidenced by increased seed germination from 35 to 85 %, plant weight (by 200 – 500 %), and the content of photosynthetic pigments in wheat leaves (by 20 – 40 %).