АНТРОПОТЕХНОГЕННІ ЧИННИКИ ВПЛИВУ НА БЕЗПЕКУ ВОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ УРБАНІСТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ: ПРИЧИНИ, НАСЛІДКИ ТА МЕТОДИ ПРОТИДІЇ

Abstract

Urbanization processes lead to an increase in water use and its contamination. The strengthened anthropogenic impact has caused an unfavorable situation in the hydrosphere in almost all regions of Ukraine. Amidst constant anthropogenic load and intensive change of the living environment due to urbanization processes, measures reducing the level of pollution of wastewater, groundwater, and atmospheric air come to the fore. The article systemizes the factors of anthropogenic impact on water use safety, namely: wastewater of atmospheric and industrial origin, groundwater pollution, acid precipitation, and an increase in technogenic sediments that are formed during the operation of industrial and economic facilities, etc. It is also noted that the major problems of urbanized areas are high air pollution and deterioration of water supply and sanitation infrastructure. They result in a deterioration of the quality of water resources, a growth of atmospheric air pollution, the number of anthropo-genic sediments, and diffuse pollution of the environment. The directions of minimizing the negative impact of anthropogenic sediments, air pollution, surface contaminated runoff from urban areas on the quality of water in water bodies and their ecological state are substantiated. The urbanization of territories causes an increase in the volume of wastewater from all water users, both individual citizens and enterprises of industry, housing and agriculture. Despite the different technologies of wastewater treatment, a great deal enters the environment without treatment due to the growing number and overloading of treatment plants. The directions of minimizing the negative impact of surface contaminated runoff from urban areas on the quality of water in water bodies and their ecological state are systematized. Measures of rational water use are proposed, in particular: reduction of water consumption in urbanized areas as a result of the use of a system of economic tools, resource-saving technologies; strengthening control over the discharge of industrial waste; use of low-waste technologies and water recycling; establishment of standards for wastewater discharge; creation of water protection zones in areas of groundwater supply and intake, etc.