ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИЧИН ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ДИНАМИКИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ВЫСОЛОВ ПРИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИИ ИНФИЛЬТРАЦИОННЫХ И ЭКСФИЛЬТРАЦИОННЫХ ПОТОКОВ НА ТЕПЛОЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЗДАНИЙ

Abstract

The article discusses options for technical solutions to increase the level of thermal protection of buildings and reduce the cost of their operation when interacting infiltration and exfiltration flows of moisture in enclosing structures. An analysis of the dynamics of efflorescences in the winter period indicates an increase in chemical processes at the contact of the facing verst and the insulation layer, in which slag accounts for 60-65%. These water soluble salts migrate to the freezing front. However, the reason for the accelerated migration in the winter is the exfiltration of warm moist air through the unsealed joints of the stoned panels during the installation of the stairwell. Also in the parapet, the largest efflorescence is due to the penetration of vaporous moisture through a monolithic reinforced concrete ceiling into the insulation layer, and from there into the brickwork of the parapet. Studies of heat and mass transfer, moisture transfer in various designs have shown that the combination of the interaction of infiltration and exfiltration leads to large heat losses and a deterioration in the thermal regime and indoor microclimate. Thus, the survey results showed that efflorescence is an important indicator of additional heat loss of buildings and structures, and the use of effective heat-insulating materials is not always enough. Errors and defects in the design and construction of structures and natural ventilation systems have a direct effect on reducing the thermal efficiency of exterior fencing.