Цитоморфологические изменения в легких при моделировании буллезной эмфиземы в зависимости от стимуляции неоколлагеногенеза в эксперименте

Abstract

Objective: to study the morphological changes occurring in lung tissues in bullous emphysema and after its treatment by stimulating neocollagenogenesis. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 60 Wistar male rats. The animals were divided into 3 equal groups, 1 group -control group (no drug administration), 2 - a group with experimentally simulated bullous emphysema (Caripazim solution was administered into rats' trachea for 4 weeks), 3 - a group with modelled bullous emphysema with solcoseryl therapy (animals were modelled bullous emphysema, like those in group 2, then they were daily administered Solcoseryl intraperitoneally in the required dosage for 14 days). To perform a cytomorphometric study with light microscopy, the drugs were stained: hematoxylin + eosin (H+E). Histological examination of laboratory animals' pulmonary micro-preparations was carried out; the dynamics of changes in the cell composition of the bronchial wall was determined by quantitative counting eosinophils, mast cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Results. Bullous emphysema changes all structural elements of lungs: a combination of pronounced spasm and expansion of bronchioles, destruction of the walls, expansion of the alveolar passages, formation of multiple air cavities, epithelium exfoliation, peribronchial infiltration and fibrosis; disorders in the circulatory system: signs of hyperemia and anemia, narrowing of the lumen of the arterioles, hyalinosis of their walls. After Solcoseryl therapy the animals revealed severe hyperemia and pulmonary vasodilation, the walls of bronchi are preserved, destruction areas are not visualized, air cavities are rare, mostly small-sized, and pleura over them is not damaged. Conclusions. The development of bullous emphysema leads to the formation of panacinaric emphysema, fibrosis, perivascular and peribronchial infiltration (the infiltrate has the increased number of inflammatory cells), the thinning of pleura. We obtained the data indicating that Solcoseryl reduces the severity of lung tissue destruction, and contributes to reducing the inflammatory process.