신라 통일기 한주(漢州)의 물자 이동과 조운(漕運) - 하남 선동 출토 명문 기와를 중심으로 -

Abstract

In 1925, pieces of inscribed roof-tiles were excavated from the Hanam Seondong area. These items were collected evidently from several Gun and Hyeon units of Hanju(漢州), to be used at a state-run ‘boat house’[船家] in the Haegu(蟹口) area located in the Hanju province’s administrative center during the Unified Shilla period. Roof-tiles are pretty heavy, so the fact that such items were delivered from distant areas to this region shows us that a working on-water transportation system, which the Hanju area was apparently a part of, was in place. Judging from the name of the region inscribed upon the surface of the tile, the transportation network must have used the Han-gang river, or other routes connecting the Anseong-cheon and Han-gang river via the coastal line, or connecting the Imjin-gang and Yeseong-gang rivers with Han-gang. This on-water transportation system would have been established primarily to move taxes collected in local regions.<BR> Most of the taxes collected from various areas within Hanju would have been transfered (except some left in the region for other usage) to other regions by an administrative system. Method of transportation to the royal capital would have differed from Ju to Ju. Four of them which were located outside the Sobaek Mountain range and housed the “Deputy Capitals(So-gyeong, 小京)” would have transported the collected taxes through the So-gyeong authorities. The So-gyeong capitals were connected with all the subordinate administrative centers via land and rivers, and were in a position to use the mountain routes(嶺路) for dispatching items via the Nakdong-gang river. So they would have either sent items exchanged in the region or had some of the leading class live in the So-gyeong areas where they would purchase and consume commodities. Meanwhile, the three Ju units in the Original Shilla realm, or Myeongju and Muju for that matter, where no deputy capitals were established, would have used the Nakdong-gang river or the coastal routes to send collected taxes to the royal capital. As we can see, Shilla utilized waterways in their transportation of grains, as it was equipped with a logistic system needed for that.