КОРЕКЦІЯ ВРОДЖЕНОГО ІМУНІТЕТУ ІНТАКТНИХ ТА ЩЕПЛЕНИХ ПРОТИ НЬЮКАСЛСЬКОЇ ХВОРОБИ КУРЧАТ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ПРОБІОТИЧНОГО НАНОМЕТАЛОГЛОБУЛІНОВОГО ПРЕПАРАТУ

Abstract

The development of effective complex drugs for increasing the viability of young farm animals by stimulating the activity of immunity, studying the biological effects of these drugs on the expression of cytokine genes and the formation of humoral immunity by its markers is an urgent problem. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the complex probiotic-metal-protein preparation (PNMGP) on the dynamics of innate immunity factors in intact chickens and when they are vaccinated with a live vaccine against Newcastle disease. The research was carried out at the NSC "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine". Three groups (n = 15) of clinically healthy chickens were formed. Birds of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups received PNMGP, starting from the 5th day of life for 5 days at a dose of 5 g/head, mixed with feed. The third bird group was control. On the 17th day of the experiment, the bird vaccination of the 2nd and the 3rd experimental groups was conducted with a commercial live vaccine against Newcastle disease from La Sota strain . On the 27th, 37th and 47th days of the experiment, 5 heads from each group were euthanized and blood was collected for clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic studies. It has been established that the feeding of PNMGP causes an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood by 11.3% - 23.9% and the level of hemoglobin by 9.6% - 49.0% relative to the corresponding indices of the control group chickens. The use of the drug causes an increase in the level of iron availability in the organism's of the experimental birds. In particular, the coefficient of saturation of transferrin by iron during the study period in poultry of group 1 was increased by 28.7% -34.3%, a similar effect was found in chickens of group 2. Under the action of PNMGP there are multidirectional changes in the level of markers of non-specific humoral immunity: in blood serum of experimental birds, the level of total protein increases due to the fraction of globulins and content of circulating immune complexes, the suppressive effect of the live vaccine against Newcastle disease on the humoral link of immunity is reduced - the level of Sm in the birds of the 2nd group was lower than that of the chickens of the 3rd group by 10,0%, 8,6% and 25,0% on the 10th, 20th and 30th days after vaccination, respectively. In chickens of group 1, the expression level of IL-2 gene exceeded the control values by 91.1%, and 88.8% on the 27th and 47th days of the experiment respectively, and on the 37th day - 10.7 times; and IL-17 - by 50.0% and 59.2% on the 27th and 47th days, respectively, on the 37th day - 3.5 times. The intensity of expression of IL-2 and IL-17 genes in chickens of group 2 was maximally increased - 20.7 and 2.4 times, respectively. The data we have obtained show the expressed immune modulating effect of PNMGP on the state of bird innate immunity. This contributes to the enhancement of the synthesis of specific post-vaccine antibodies to the Newcastle disease virus: their level in the birds of the 2nd group exceeded the control group's indices by 14.3% - 25.7% during the research period. The results we obtained, by the determined trends in the development of immune responses when using a complex probiotic nanometal globulin preparation, coincide with the results of other researchers and can be used as a basis for the development and application of means for enhancing innate immunity of animals and immunogenicity of vaccine drugs. Key words: Complex probiotic nanometal globulin preparation, innate immunity, poultry, expression of cytokine genes, vaccination, specific immunity