Кореляційні зв’язки фізіологічних груп мікроорганізмів з показниками родючості чорнозему опідзоленого за різних систем удобрення

O Demydenko

doi:10.31073/agrovisnyk202104-03

Abstract

Goal. To develop a comparative correlation model of the interconnections of ecological-trophic groups of soil microorganisms with agrophysical, physicochemical indicators, humus condition, the productivity of the degraded chernozem and to determine the energy efficiency of the use of intensive, low-intensive, and organic fertilizer systems using the by-products of crops as organic fertilizers in the 5-field grain-spray crop rotation for the conditions of the Central Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field and laboratory experiments, statistically analytical method. Results. Taking into account that use of the intensive fertilization system causes an overdrying of a layer of degraded chernozem 0-20 cm, and the use of an organic system increases the level of moisture, it can be argued that the best conditions for preserving the organic substance of humus are created for an organic fertilizer system. For organic and low-cost fertilization systems, the saturation of the soil complex Ca2+ is carried out by reducing the chemical load on chernozem. That leads to a decrease in the level of metabolic acidity and amplification of biogenicity due to the growth of the number and activity of ammonifying, amylolytic, pedotrophenic, oligotrophic microorganisms and the decrease in the activity of the humus-extraction groups of microorganisms, which provides reproduction of humus in the agrocnosis of short-crop rotation. Conclusions. For an intensive fertilizer system, the density of the structure increases when the drainage of soil conditions increases, which enhances the process of mineralization of humus due to the growth of the activity of humus extraction microorganisms. For organic and low-intensive fertilizer systems, there is a loosening of a 0-20 cm layer of chernozem, which stimulates the increase in the activity of ammonifying and pedotrophemical groups of microorganisms. To a lesser extent, it influences the biogenicity and activity of amylolytic and oligotrophic groups of microorganisms.

Highlights

In modern agriculture of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine there is an increasing human intervention in natural processes, which leads to changes in the functioning of soil agroecosystems
Anthropogenic impact on the agroecosystem should be assessed on the basis of many soil indicators, which include the reaction of soil microorganisms [1,2], which are actively involved in the decomposition of plant residues, nitrogen fixation, stabilization of soil phytosanitary conditions and accumulation of active substances [3,4]
Organic farming is a management system, the purpose of which is a balance between the productivity of the agrocenosis and environmental degradation in order to ensure the preservation of soil quality [5,6]

Summary

Introduction

In modern agriculture of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine there is an increasing human intervention in natural processes, which leads to changes in the functioning of soil agroecosystems. The relationship between physical, physicochemical properties and humus of chernozem with the activity of soil and biological processes in different fertilizer systems in the transition from intensive to organic farming, occupy an important but insufficiently studied place in research [11].

Results

Conclusion