Деревянные находки из могильника Цзяохэ (Яр-Хото) в Турфанской впадине в Синьцзяне: аналогии и датировки

Abstract

The ancient city of Jiaohe (Yar-Hoto) is situated 10 km to the west from the city of Turfan, the center of the Xinjiang - Uygur province in the autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China. In the beginning of the 90-s of the 20th century the excavation was made of a burial ground to the north of the city. About 40 wooden pieces were found. Among them are arrows, quivers, knives, wallets, pencil cases, clasps, buckles, figurines, tableware and other categories. Chinese archaeologists consider the culture of the Jiaohe burial grave to be of the local Turpan type. Analysis of ceramics allows agreeing with this opinion, but the dating attributed by Chinese researchers of the monument exclusively to the Han time is a matter of doubt. Many wooden artifacts, primarily related to the armament objects, bone (horn) details of harness and especially saddle accessories from Jiaohe have direct analogies in the Russian territory, especially in the monuments of the Pazyryk culture. This makes it possible to attribute many of the burials to the 4th century BC. Another part of the wooden findings has analogies in the monuments of the Hun-Sarmatian time, so that the burial ground in the north of the ancient city of Jiaohe turns out to be different in the time and culture.