Вплив елементів технології на врожайність насіння ліній — батьківських компонентів гібридів кукурудзи в умовах краплинного зрошення

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of plant density and treatment with preparation Retenho® on the weight of 1000 grains and the seed yield of lines — parental components of corn hybrids under irrigation conditions. Methods. The research was carried out using field (determining the yield of lines — parental components), laboratory (weight of 1000 grains), and analytical and mathematical-statistical methods. Results. The maximum yield of the mid-early line DK 247 on average at a plant density factor of 90,000 plants/ha was 4.70 t/ha, of the medium-ripe line DK 205710 at a density of 80,000 plants/ha — 5.42 t/ha, of the mid-late line DK 445 for the density of 70 thousand plants/ha — 7.08 t/ha of seeds. The most productive mid-late line DK 445 — the parent component of the Vira, Hileia, Arabat hybrids reacts negatively to the density of crops. The seed yield at a density of 100,000 plants/ha decreased by 1.03 t/ha, or by 15% compared to the yield at an optimal density of 70,000 plants/ha. When plants were treated with Retenho®, the weight of 1000 grains increased by 10–12 g, or by 3.7–5.4% compared to the untreated control. Treatment of plants with the growth-regulating fungicide Retenho® contributed to an increase in seed yield by 0.29–0.41 t/ha, or by 6.3–7.9%. Sowing density affected the weight of 1000 grains: the maximum weight of 1000 grains on average over the years of research (252 g) was obtained at a density of 60 thousand plants/ha in all lines. Conclusions. The trait «weight of 1000 grains» of lines — parental components were affected by FAO group, sowing density, and treatment with Retenho®. Each parent line has an optimal seeding density to obtain the highest seed yield by maintaining the optimal feeding area of one plant. The maximum yield of the mid-early line — the parental component DK 247 was observed at a density of 90 thousand plants/ha and treated with Retenho® — 4.94 t/ha. In the medium-ripe line —parent component DK 205710 formed the maximum yield at a sowing density of 80,000 plants/ha and treatment with Retenho® — 5.61 t/ha. In the mid-late line — the parental component DK 445 showed the maximum yield at a density of 70,000 plants/ha and treatment with Retenho® — 7.08 t/ha.