ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД МОДЕЛЕЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ КРАЇН У ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД ДЛЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ІНДУСТРІЇ

Abstract

The article examines the foreign experience of using models of the transformation of the economies of countries in the post-war period and its significance for the activities of the tourism industry subjects. An overview of the latest research and publications on this topic was made to argue the topicality of the issue. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize the foreign experience of models of transformation of the economy of countries in the post-war period and ways of applying it to the activities of the subjects of the tourism industry. Poland's experience is based on the implementation of the «shock therapy» model, where the tools of transformation are defined as the creation of industrial parks, IT clusters, and the provision of investment benefits. Germany developed its transformation model using the «German economic miracle» concept, ordoliberalism (social market economy), and «Marshall plan» models, where the tools of transformation are defined as technical support, reduction of customs barriers, optimization of tax pressure, and tax stimulation of business. The tools of transformation in the Gradualist model of Bosnia and Herzegovina and European countries (Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria) included favorable business environment, financial support, technical assistance, consulting and training, investment, and preferential taxation. The model of «shock therapy» in the post-war period of Singapore, South Korea, Japan, and Chile used such tools of transformation as reducing the tax burden, providing benefits and assistance in starting a business, sharing knowledge and technology transfer, developing smart city-type technologies, avoiding double taxation with various countries, and establishing a special tax regime for foreign investors. The researched models of transformation help to reveal the peculiarities of the recovery of the countries' economies in the post-war period and to determine the directions and tools of transformational changes, which are significant for the stabilization and activation of their development. The study findings argue that the most acceptable model of transformation of the competitive potential of the subjects of the tourism industry in Ukraine is the «shock therapy» model, which can «cut off» the elements of the old model and introduce a new concept following the conditions of the post-war period. It is recommended to implement a model for transforming the competitive potential of tourism industry entities, which includes the purpose, type, transformation criteria, and the effectiveness of the transformational changes according to the relevant stages (phases).