Abstract
The review reflects the features of the structure and function of the arteries. The physiological mechanism of the formation of the pulse wave is described, and various levels of arterial pressure in the aorta and peripheral arteries are explained. Disorders of hemodynamics with a change in resilient-elastic properties of arterial vessels are described. Amplification and augmentation - factors modifying the pulse wave are presented. Also the paper describes the main methods of measuring arterial stiffness at the local, regional and system level, the advantage of direct measurement of the parameters related to the stiffness of the arterial wall, and the method of assessing the local and regional rigidity of the arteries. Separately, a method for determining pulse wave velocity in the carotid-femoral region was presented. Data of age impact on the structure and function of the arteries are presented. As it has been shown it is necessary to study parameters characterizing arterial rigidity in obese children, since this disease increases the incidence of cardiovascular complications in both adults and children. The relationship between the stiffness of arterial vessels and obesity children is considered. Various results of studies of arterial stiffness in children with obesity are presented. The lack of a consensus on the use of method of arterial vessels rigidity studying in childhood patients shows the need for further study of vascular remodeling and factors that may affect the structure of arteries in obese children.
Highlights
Обзор литературы освещает особенности структуры и функции артериальных сосудов
The paper describes the main methods of measuring arterial stiffness at the local, regional and system level, the advantage of direct measurement of the parameters related to the stiffness of the arterial wall, and the method of assessing the local and regional rigidity of the arteries
Data of age impact on the structure and function of the arteries are presented. As it has been shown it is necessary to study parameters characterizing arterial rigidity in obese children, since this disease increases the incidence of cardiovascular complications in both adults and children
Summary
ЖЁСТКОСТЬ АРТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ СОСУДОВ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ, МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ И СВЯЗЬ С ОЖИРЕНИЕМ У ДЕТЕЙ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ). Отмечено преимущество прямого измерения параметров, связанных с жёсткостью артериальной стенки, методом оценки локальной и региональной жёсткости артерий. Рассмотрена связь артериальной сосудистой жёсткости и ожирения в детском возрасте. В настоящее время нет единого мнения о применении метода исследования ригидности артериальных сосудов в детском возрасте, что свидетельствует о необходимости дальнейшего изучения сосудистого ремоделирования и факторов, которые могут повлиять на структуру артерий у детей с ожирением. Data of age impact on the structure and function of the arteries are presented As it has been shown it is necessary to study parameters characterizing arterial rigidity in obese children, since this disease increases the incidence of cardiovascular complications in both adults and children. Работ, посвящённых изучению этого аспекта проблемы ожирения, очень немного, и вопрос ассоциации детского ожирения с артериальной жёсткостью остаётся спорным
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